Fig. 1

Determination of TACE responsiveness-related molecular subtypes of HCC and correlation with clinical features. A Volcano plot showing differential gene expression between paracancerous tissues and HCC tissues in the GSE14520 cohort. B Volcano plot showing differential gene expression between the HCC cohort that responded to TACE treatment and the HCC cohort that did not respond to TACE treatment within the GSE104580 cohort. Green indicates downregulated differential genes, and red indicates upregulated differential genes (|log FC|> 1 and adjusted p < 0.05). C Venn diagram showing DEGs shared between the GSE14520 and GSE104580 cohorts. D Consensus clustering matrix for k = 2. E Consistent clustered cumulative distribution function (CDF) curves for k values from 2 to 9. F CDF delta area curve. The horizontal axis represents the number of categories k, and the vertical axis represents the relative change in the area under the CDF curve. G The K-M curve shows the difference in survival between Cluster A and Cluster B. H The K-M curve shows the difference in recurrence between Cluster A and Cluster B. I Differences in survival between Cluster A and Cluster B. J Differences in recurrence status between Clusters A and B. K TNM staging between Clusters A and B. L Tumor size distribution characteristics between Clusters A and B. M AFP differences between Clusters A and B