Fig. 4
Comparison of the efficiency of three extraction methods for obtaining DNA from individual field collected Cx. pipiens pupal exuviae and a direct PCR method that did not include an extraction step. A) Comparison of total DNA quantity (ng) from DNA extractions. Horizontal black lines indicate median, 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers extend to the largest and smallest values within 1.5 times the interquartile range from the 25th and 75th percentiles, closed dots indicate outliers. B) Comparison of PCR amplification success (%). Error bars indicate mean ± SD. C) Comparison of total DNA yields (ng) with mean Cq values for different processing. Grey shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval. Different letters above the boxplots and bars indicate which groups differ significantly (P < 0.05) from one another