Table 1 Established mouse models of tendon defect
Tendon(s) | Types of model | Defect procedure | Repair procedure | Timepoints | Objectives(s) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Supraspinatus tendon | Acute | Unilateral sharp release | Not specified | Day 0, 7, 10, 14 | Murine model of supraspinatus tendon repair [29]. | Advantages: 1. High anatomic similarity to humans. 2. High physiological similarity to humans. 3. Amenable to genetic manipulation. 4. Cost-effective. 5. Easy logistic management. 6. Easy to attain large sample size. Disadvantages: 1. Small size complicates surgical procedures. 2. Robust spontaneous tendon healing potentially masks intervention efficacy. |
Chronic | Unilateral complete transection | Not specified | Week 1, 4 | Gene expression patterns in the supraspinatus muscle after tear [30]. | ||
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon | Chronic | Unilateral complete transection + denervation | Not specified | Week 12 | Mouse model of massive rotator cuff tears that is consistent with the pathophysiology of human [31]. | |
Week 2, 6 | The role of Trichostatin A in rotator cuff tear [32]. | |||||
Unilateral detachment + denervation | Not specified | Week 1, 6, 12 | Effects of knocking out poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 [33]. |