Fig. 1

Experimental Workflow Overview. (A) AOM/DSS treatment was administered initially to establish the CAC mouse model. (B) Following the successful establishment of the model, tumor tissues and fecal samples were collected from the mice. (C) Tumor tissues underwent pathological examination, and intestinal barrier function was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. (D) Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. (E) The impact of intestinal microbiota on CAC was verified through fecal microbiota transplantation